Delay and Jitter:  If it takes too long for the voice to be sampled, packetized, sent across the network, de-packetized, and replayed to the receiving end, the natural characteristics of a conversation can be affected – resulting in confusion and frustration by both parties.  Delay can be caused by the distance and speed of the network.  For toll quality voice, delay cannot exceed 100 ms and 150 ms for acceptable voice.

Jitter is the variation of delay across the network.  The uneven pattern of latency across the network is detected as poor quality voice.  Jitter can be caused by network congestion, queuing methods used in network equipment, and routing options used in Wide Area Networks.  The IP phone system should be able to continuously measure jitter and compensate by changing the size of the send and receive jitter buffers.

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